In the present study the morphological characters of pteridophytes spores were analysed. Epiphytic habitats are generally covered by bryophyte mats, making a challenging environment for sporophyte production by resident fern gametophytes. They are the second most diverse land plants after angiosperms. This pdf version does not have an isbn or issn and is not therefore effectively published melbourne code, art. Comparative morphology of reproductive structures in heterosporous water ferns and a reevaluation of the sporocarp. Download pdf pteridophytesandgymnosperms free online.
A pteridophyte is a vascular plant with xylem and phloem that disperses spores. Pteridophytes introduction, authors and addresses, systematic list, glossary, and key to tribes. Because pteridophytes produce neither flowers nor seeds, they are sometimes referred to as cryptogams, meaning that their means of reproduction is hidden. Within our new classification, we recognize four monophyletic classes, 11 monophyletic orders, and 37 families, 32 of which. General characteristics of pteridophytes key points easy. Two types of spores, monolete and trilete, are observed. Characteristics of fern gametophytes relate to their habitats. They dont have conducting tissues for transportation of water and minerals. Pdf the morphological characters of the spores were studied. Sporangia thickwalled, homosporous or heterosporous, usually borne in a reflexed position on sporangiophores arranged in whorls. Pdf studies on the spore morphology of pteridophytes from kolli. Indeed, the young sporophyte of the liverwort anthoceros is very similar indeed to that of tmesipteris, at least up to the stage illustrated in fig.
If analogies are to be sought with other pteridophytes, then it is not the internode, but the node, which should be compared. Pteridophytes general characters ppt general characteristics, life cycle and reproduction of pteridophytes ppt what are pteridophytes. Morphology of fern spores from phu phan national park. The biodiversity heritage library works collaboratively to make biodiversity literature openly available to the world as part of a global biodiversity community. Pteridophytes ferns and lycophytes are freesporing vascular plants that have a life cycle with alternating, freeliving gametophyte and sporophyte phases that are independent at maturity. A concept based exclusive material pteridophytes, gymnosperms. Similar to the life cycle of seed plants, the pteridophytes also involves the alternation of generations in its life cycle. The megaspore and microspore germinate to give rise female and male gametophyte respectively. Download pteridophytes andgymnosperms ebook pdf or read online books in. The pteridophytes are an economically important group of plants. A few pteridophytes are aquatic while still others are epiphytes. The body of the sporophyte is well differentiated into roots, stem and leaves.
By using knowledge and connecting with interconnecting organ systems, the ways to prevent are purely. Pteridophyte reproduction christian brothers university. Download pdf download all download jpeg 2000 download text the morphology of pteridophytes. What links here related changes upload file special pages permanent link page information. Click download or read online button to get morphology of gymnosperms book now. In this article we will discuss about the classification of pteridophytes. Pdf studies on the spore morphology of pteridophytes. The size, shape, colour and surface pattern of spores were studied. Classification of pteridophytes short classification of the ferns pdf. Pteridophytes free download as powerpoint presentation. Nayar 1 964 dealt with the comparative spore morphology of living pteridophytes and listed various spore types as seen in different groups of genera. On the basis of their anatomy jeffrey in 1902 divided the vascular plants into two types or stocks.
The modern classification of pteridophytes have been suggested by many scientist according to the sporne1975 pteridophytes have been classified into six classes. Bir 1 977 gave a broad view of relations of spore morphology in taxonomy. Pteridophytes vascular cryptogams or ferns and fern allies. Meaning of pteridophytes general characters of pteridophytes reproduction in pteridophytes affinities of pteridophytes development of sporangia in. Pteridophytes transition to land megaphylls equisetales. The destruction of green forest and stock taking from natural resources is an imminent need. Firstly all the botanists divided the plant kingdom into two large groups cryptogamia and phanerogamia, linnaeus 1754 used the term cryptogams for the first time for those plants which did not possess visible sex organs. Phylogenetic relationships of extant ferns based on. However, they do not form a monophyletic group because ferns are more closely related to seed plants than to lycophytes. Equisetum, with some 15 or more species, is distributed all over the world except in australia and new zealand. They are the first evolved plant group with vascular tissue system for the conduction of water and food materials. The size, shape, colour and surface pattern of spores were analysed.
By contrast, among pterido phytes the sporophyte is the dominant generation, for it. It is commonly known as horsetail or scouring rushes. The printed version, however, was effectively published on 6 june 20. Fronds in the largest species of ferns can reach some six metres in length. Seeds not enclosed in an ovary but in cones angiosperms flowering plants true leaves, stems and roots. Characteristics of pteridophytes, morphology of pteridophytes, reproduction of pteridophytes, homosporous and heterosporous pteridophytes, megaspore and microspores, gametophytes of pteridophytes, fertilization, zygote and embryo of pteridophytes, life cycle and alternation of generation. Scribd is the worlds largest social reading and publishing site. Morphology and evolution of vascular plants 3rd ed. Most pteridophytes are terrestrial and grow in moist and shady places while some flourish well in open, dry places especially in xeric conditions. Eichler 1883 regarded cryptogamae as a subdivision of the plant kingdom which included club mosses, horsetails, and ferns.
Ferns, horsetails, and lycophytes are all pteridophytes. Pteridophytes general characteristics general characters of pteridophytes the vascular cryptogams pteridophytes are plants with feather like leaves. An introduction to pteridophyta top results of your surfing an introduction to pteridophyta start download portable document format pdf and ebooks electronic books free online rating news 20162017 is books that can provide inspiration, insight, knowledge to the reader. The most conspicuous features of the plant are jointed. The structure of ferns and allied plants by k r sporne online at alibris. Cc i the students learn about general characteristics, morphology, reproduction and economic uses of algae, fungi and bryophyte. Key difference homosporous vs heterosporous pteridophytes pteridophyta is the largest phylum of the kingdom plantae. The pteridophytes ferns and fern allies pteridophytes are vascular plants and have leaves known as fronds, roots and sometimes true stems, and tree ferns have full trunks. Author of the morphology of pteridophytes, the morphology of gymnosperms, the morphology of angiosperms, the mysterious origin of flowering plants, the morphology of pteridophyles, morphology of gymnosperms the structure, the morphology. Classification of pteridophytes for a long time the division pteridophyta includedthe ferns, lycopods and horsetails. Morphology of fern spores from phu phan national park kittima makgomol abstract morphological characteristics of fern spores collected from phu phan national park were examined using a scanning electron microscope and a light microscope.
Some of the species belonging to this division have small leaves called as the microphylls. Characteristics of pteridophytes, morphology of pteridophytes, reproduction of pteridophytes, homosporous and heterosporous pteridophytes, megaspore and microspores, gametophytes of pteridophytes, fertilization, zygote and embryo of pteridophytes, life cycle. This book is available with additional data at biodiversity heritage library. A guide to understanding and preventing this disease how can this be prevented. As in seed plants, the greatest diversity of pteridophytes is found in the tropics, with only about six hundred species adapted for life in temperate climates.
The evolution, morphology, and development of fern leaves. Pteridophytes biology encyclopedia plant, body, different. Difference between homosporous and heterosporous pteridophytes. Aug 24, 2008 open library is an open, editable library catalog, building towards a web page for every book ever published. Phylogenetic relationships of extant ferns based on evidence. Some pteridophytes are aquatic and some are epiphytes. Classification of pteridophyta linkedin slideshare. An interpretation of the morphology and evolution of the cone and shoot of equisetum. The morphology of pteridophytes dependent on it for nutrition. The other two phyla are marchantiophyta or liverworts and anthocerotophyta or hornworts. Second edition, provides the basis for teaching an introduction to the morphology, evolution, and classification of land plants. Pdf on feb 26, 2003, george yatskievych and others published.
Engler 1909 included the bryophyta and pteridophyta under embryophyta. Pteridophytes constitute a significant and important group in the plant kingdom. Seed plants include the angiosperms, the conifers, and a smaller assortment of other plants. Some of the characters of pteridophytes are as follows. Second quarter report of pteridophytes bhutan has good resources of biodiversity in both vascular and nonvascular plants. Linnaeus 1754 included them in the class cryptogamae kruptos hidden, gamos marriage. Morphology of gymnosperms download ebook pdf, epub. The living world characteristics of living beings growth. Furthermore, this view overlooks the peculiar way in which the internodes of equisetum are formed from an intercalary meristem. But, this biodiversity is getting depleted day by day due to countrys modern economic development.
Ebook an introduction to pteridophyta as pdf download. However, the pteridophytes differ from mosses and seed plants in that both generations are independent and freeliving. Ideally, morphological data from fossils should also be used in. Eichler 1883 divided the plant kingdom into cryptogamia and phanerogamia. The information you enter here will be stored in the downloaded file to assist you in managing. The pteridophytes were not necessarily the first vascular land plants see kenrick and crane 1997. Pteridophyta is the most highly evolved group among the cryptogams. Part of thebotany commons, and theecology and evolutionary biology commons.
On natural classification of the family polypodiaceae. Pteridophytes or pteridophyta, in the broad interpretation of the term or sensu lato, are vascular plants. Pteridophytes may represent the closest living relatives sister group to the seed plants. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Pteridophytes ferns and fern allies the plant list. Pteridophyta characteristics, life cycle, classification. Phylogenetic relationships of extant ferns based on evidence from morphology and rbcl sequences kathleen m. The cryptogamia was further divided into thallophyta. The different species of selaginella are grown as the garden plants. While relatively unusual in pteridophytes, it is nevertheless universal in mosses and liverworts. Cc ii the students acquire knowledge about general characteristics, morphology, anatomy and reproductive biology in pteridophytes, gymnosperms and fossils. The plant body can be divided into a true root, stem, and leaves. What are the similarities between homosporous and heterosporous pteridophytes. Pteridophytes, also known as vascular cryptogams and ferns and fern allies, comprise about 12 000 species of vascular plants that do not produce.
Pteridophytes are a group of primitive land plants belongs to the cryptogams. Gametophyte morphology and reproductive biology of several epiphytic ferns, including seven species of polypodiaceae campyloneurum angustifolium, c. Morphology of equisetum with diagram pteridophytes. Pteridophytes or pteridophyta, in the broad interpretation of the term, are vascular plants plants with xylem and phloem that reproduce and disperse via spores. They are psilopsida, psilotopsida, lycopsida, sphenopsida, pteropsida and progymnospermopsida. The sporophyte is the conspicuous and familiar plant body. This pdf version does not have an isbn or issn and is not therefore effectively published. The vascular structure of the node can best be looked upon as a medullated protostele. This site is like a library, use search box in the widget to get ebook that you want. As they produce neither flowers nor seeds, they are referred to as cryptogams. In both types, the gametophyte obtains the nutrition from the sporophyte. In this article we will discuss about the morphology of equisetum with the help of a suitable diagram.
Instead, the water and minerals flow from the surface of the plant cell to cell in the plants body. The sexuality of pteridophytic gametophytes can be classified as follows. Most pteridophytes are terrestrial plants and thrive well in abundant moisture and shade while some flourish well in open, dry situations especially in xeric conditions. Reproductive biology of pteridophytes springerlink. Gymnosperms yellow woods, cycads true leaves and roots. Useful notes on the classification of pteridophytes. A pteridophyte is a vascular plant that disperses spores. Bartholomewbegan with over 12,000 species recognized worldwide m. No known restrictions as determined by scanning institution. Pteridophytes are seedless, and they procreate through spores.
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